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All these conditions result from acidic digestive juices from the stomach rising up into the esophagus (the tube between the mouth and the stomach). There is a one-way valve between the esophagus and the entry into the stomach which normally prevents anything in the stomach from moving up into the esophagus. When this valve becomes weak it allows acidic juices and food to rise up. Cigarette smoking and drinking too much alcohol increases the amount of stomach acid and can weaken the valve. The symptoms can also be caused by a hiatus hernia so ask your health care provider to check this.
Symptoms
A burning sensation in the chest and throat - 'heartburn', usually after drinking alcohol or fruit juice or after meals, especially if you lie flat or bend over. Food or fluid may come back into your mouth, making you want to choke. The esophagus does not have the same protective lining as the stomach and if acid juices wash up and down it too much this can result in tissue damage - the esophagus becomes inflamed and ulcerated.
Prevention
Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Eat your last meal of the day a few hours before going to bed so that you have time to digest it before lying down. Always chew your food well. Don't drink with your meals.
Avoid alcohol, excessive caffeine, chocolate and fatty foods. Do not smoke. Avoid tight belts and clothes. Avoid bending down or lying down after meals. Put the head of your bed on blocks so that your pillow is raised 15 to 20 cm, to keep acids and foods in your stomach. If flatulence is the main problem, avoid pulses, onions, cabbage, etc. Try cooking with cumin, aniseed or ginger.
Treatment
Medication can neutralize stomach acid. A health care provider may prescribe medication to block the production of stomach acid for a short time.
It may be necessary to have an endoscopy - a flexible tube containing a camera is pushed down your esophagus into your stomach to check for tissue damage. In extreme cases surgery is necessary to repair a badly damaged valve. Aromatherapy: Use a hot or warm compress of chamomile or lavender over the abdomen.
Herbalism
Chamomile tea is a relaxant and anti-inflammatory remedy. Lemon balm tea is good if the condition is brought on by stress. Slippery elm is very soothing for an inflamed esophagus or stomach. Meadowsweet is an antacid. Take tablets or 5 ml powder in a little warm water before meals.
Homeopathy
Carbo veg 30C is good when the symptoms are due to overeating or drinking. Lycopodium is good for heartburn and a feeling of fullness after eating only a little. Take Nux vomica 6C if you have acid indigestion and a hungry feeling in your stomach after too much rich food, alcohol or coffee.